![]() ![]() The adjuvant here is made from an extract from the soapbark tree. The proteins are then purified and added to an adjuvant, an ingredient that enhances the immune response. The spike proteins-by themselves harmless, being incapable of causing a COVID infection-are manufactured, intriguingly, within moth cells. Rather than present the body with the whole virus, the vaccine contains just copies of its spike proteins (pink). When the real virus is encountered in the future, the immune system has defenses that are trained to attack these outer parts of the virus and quickly destroy it. In this case, to protect against the coronavirus, they contain the spike proteins that cover the virus's surface, which the immune system can easily recognize. Protein subunit vaccines contain a key part of whatever it is that they protect against. The Novavax jab is a protein subunit vaccine, and so is different from the mRNA vaccines developed by Moderna and Pfizer, the viral-vectored vaccines made by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson, and the inactivated-virus vaccines made by Sinovac and Sinopharm. So it's good that there are additional vaccines showing promise that could soon be widely available to boost supplies-such as Novavax's. Yet because they've been unequally bought up, with richer countries capturing the lion's share, only half the world has received at least one COVID vaccine dose. Many different vaccines are now available globally, with billions of doses administered. ![]() Vaccines also reduce the risk of getting infected and passing the virus on. ![]() Vaccines can be given to large numbers of people to offer long-term protection in a way that other treatments, such as antiviral drugs, can't. Immunization has proven a highly effective way of stopping people from developing severe COVID. ![]()
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